Local Authority home adaptations: The impact of timely provision on people’s care outcomes
Local Authority home adaptations: The impact of timely provision on people’s care outcomes
In Adult Social Care, Occupational Therapists (OTs) increase people’s independence and optimise care packages by advising on equipment provision, adaptations and manual handling. The provision of their services is, however, limited by waiting lists and staff resources.
The aim of this briefing is to learn more about timely provision and if this has an impact on people’s care outcomes?
How does timely access to home adaptation impact people's care outcomes? - an overview and discussion about what research is missing
In this short film Linda Sumpter, Researcher in Residence, University of Bristol and Emily Judge, Evidence Champion, South Gloucestershire Council present how they approached their search for relevant evidence, what they found and what this means for practice.
Length: 9 minutes.
In adult social care, occupational therapists increase people's independence and optimise care packages by advising on equipment provision, adaptations and manual handling.
The provision of the service is however limited by, uh, waiting lists and staff resources. OT waiting lists are mentioned as an area of improvement in South Gloucestershire Council's CQC rating and there is currently a seven-month waiting list in the locality teams to see an occupational therapist.
We wanted to know more about the impact of waiting lists on people's care outcomes.
So, they came to Emily and to me, and what we did was we came up with the research question for this, which was, ‘what impact does timely access to home adaptations provided by OT services have on people's care outcomes in adult social care?’
And what we did was we looked at academic journal databases, so the British Journal of Occupational Therapy (BJOT), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google Scholar, and the Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. And what we were looking for were relevant reviews and studies published in English since 2015, and any relevant professional guidance as well. And we were defining timely access as provision of minor or major home adaptations following referral by an OT or an OT assistant.
And in terms of what we found, we found, um, a feasibility randomised control trial. So that is like a pilot that is done before a larger scale study. And you're going to hear more about that, um, study in this session in a moment. Um, and that focused on people aged 65 plus who'd been referred to a single local authority for an accessible level shower.
They were randomised to two groups, one which got the adaptation immediately and the other, um, with the usual wait, which at the time was about three to four months.
Um, and the outcomes were assessed at three, six, and nine months afterwards. We found a systematic review, um, which is literature. It gathers together literature published on this topic. Uh, we found a mixed method study and that focused specifically on people with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) and was conducted in Scotland.
And then we also found four qualitative studies. So studies that focused on people's experiences and perceptions of the adaptation. Two of those were conducted in Australia, one in England, and one in Wales.
So, we found multiple outcomes were impacted by timely access to home adaptations. And we grouped these outcomes into four key areas, which were wellbeing, quality of life, health and safety, and ongoing care needs. As quality in life and wellbeing are similar themes, we define these differently, um, by defining wellbeing as the overall state of a person's physical, mental, and emotional satisfaction with life. Um, and we define quality of life as an individual's perception of their position in life, in the context of culture and value systems in which they live in relation to their goals, expectations, and standards.
So, um, multiple studies commented that people's wellbeing and quality of life were impacted when there were delays. And both these areas improved when people had timely access to them. So, people said there was an emotional toll when there were delays. Um, for example, a person with MND stated that being trapped in their home whilst waiting for adaptation was emotionally challenging when they wanted to spend the end of their life making memories with family. Um, and other people reported that they felt, um, they were delaying everything they can, um, and were just holding out until I passed away so that they don't need to do anything.
Um, people also reported that loss of confidence or independence in one area also impacted confidence and reduced activity participation in other areas. So, when people couldn't access their washing facilities, um, they also went outside less due to fear of smelling. People also said they felt embarrassed asking for family members for help with washing. Um, and so it impacted their social relationships.
Um, and then also people said that they felt a loss of control and the ability to plan for the future was impacted. Um, and this was compounded by the fact that people take time to adjust to adaptations. Someone said that my husband passed away nine and a half months from diagnosis and the ramp hadn't even begun.
Um, so, um, people reported that when, um, adaptations were provided before people needed them, it gave them, uh, peace of mind. Uh, however, some councils only considered providing adaptations when the needs presented themselves, which led to needs being, uh, unmet sometimes.
Um, and also people would fund the adaptations themselves, um, even if they were eligible for funding, um, due to delays.
And then finally, people reported a, uh, impact on their dignity. Um, so some people would wash on decking with buckets of water, um, to wash themselves as well.
So other themes on the findings as well as wellbeing and quality of life were health and safety and care. So, in health and safety, there were multiple studies that reported increased falls during the delays. Um, so people had broken bones, there were more hospital admissions and an increase in paid care.
Uh, one of the examples that somebody, um, highlighted was they said, instead of making my quality of life better, it has made it worse over the last year. I ended up in A& E with a split head because I fell down the steps at my front door due to the ramp not being started back in December. And then it also exacerbated, um, other physical health issues, um, due to that adaptation in the way that people, um, undertook things, their coping mechanisms. So, an example there was somebody who started washing on their hands and knees in the bath while they were waiting, and that then exacerbated their arthritis. Um, similarly, some people just didn't wash at all for fear of, uh, falls. So that, um, impacted on their hygiene. And as Emily said, that then has an impact on their social life.
Um, and then in terms of ongoing care needs, uh, we found that there were increased difficulties for each consecutive month that people were waiting for adaptations. Um, so difficulties with everyday tasks, um, increasing all the time. And then in contrast, um, less care and support was needed once an adaptation was completed. So that suggests that the longer the delay for an adaptation, the longer the time is needed to support in the longer term as well as potentially a greater level of support needed for longer.
So overall, we're moderately confident about the trustworthiness of the studies, analysing the briefing. Um, we should note however, that inferring transferability of these findings to all adults with disabilities should be done with caution as most of the papers referenced focus on the impact on specific groups such as older adults or people with MND who might have had different outcomes to the wider population that we were considering in this paper.
Um, so the implications on practice from this research is that when developing adaptations provision, local authorities, um, should consider fast tracking procedures for people with rapidly progressing conditions. Um, local authorities should also consider investing in working preventatively rather than reactively to need. Um, local authorities should increase public awareness of adaptations to increase prompt referrals and manage expectations of what services can provide.
And workers should maintain communication with service users throughout the process to improve outcomes and manage expectations as well.
And then finally, services, um, should ensure that they, uh, have workers with knowledge of adaptations at the front door as well.
So, we have a slide at the end with some references for further reading, uh, which will be sent to you as well, so you can read some more in your own time.
Evidence for practice
In the two following audio clips we hear from Service User and Carer Advisory Group (SUCAG) members as they talk about their lived-experience.
Evidence vs experience: What resonates in terms of experience
Bobby and Ed discuss how the evidence available resonates with their experiences.
It is crucial to get, home adaptations in place as soon as possible, rather than, leaving it for months and months in order for the person that you're caring for to be. Able to get out and about, to socialise. So, from my experience, this happens with my, my dad, who I look after very recently in that, he went into hospital just for one night.
But when he came home, then we had we didn't have an Occupational Therapist. We had a physio come out, but, he provided lots of aids , immediately for him. That was, wonderful that he was able to get out and about, and he was reassured that he could get up and down the stairs. So I found that input really helpful.
But as as far as the adaptations are concerned, it just makes life really, really difficult if they're not in place in a quick turnover of time. My husband's struggles with stairs and, we had a, stair rail put in when he came out of hospital many, many years ago. But then following an accident where he, reduced mobility further by, breaking a hip, then suddenly turned that he got to the top of the stairs and realised he needed another grab rail.
He didn't have one. It was just like, what am I going to do? It was always falling down the stairs. Yeah. So, so, when when I approached, social services for, for, some assistance with this, they said, oh, there's at least an eight week wait. You've got to fill in the form. And then you've got to wait.
And, so we just employed, a local builder to come and fit one where we thought it should go. So we had no, Occupational Therapy or physio support that time. So, but yes, otherwise he would feel really unsafe on the stairs.
Where does Occupational Therapy fit in? Where in the chain of communication do they fit in? And I and I think the thing about the, the, the briefing was that the criticism was that so, Occupational Therapy and social services react rather than plan in advance the the necessary handling equipment, adaptation. So there were six weeks when my mother was in hospital when they could have thought about that, they could have discussed it with us.
They could have referred it on. So my question then is, and I think one of the conclusions of one of the reports was that, That raising a, raising awareness of the public, of, of the availability of adaptations is simply not there. The awareness is not there. The understanding is not where and and the referral is not what?
Oh, isn't. I don't think people are aware of the referral precedent. So there's too much emphasis on reacting. And even when you've got somebody in hospital for six weeks, rather than just going to be a day, there's an opportunity there to actually done as a risk assessment. So the only risk assessment was done, which in terms of deciding whether my mum mother could be safely returned home.
So it wasn't really a mobility issue was more and safety was about that. Could she go into they did a mock up of a kitchen and basically can you make yourself a cup of tea and can you climb some stairs? And basically that's the that's the risk assessment test.
Highlighting missing evidence: What was missing in terms of their experience
Bobby and Ed highlight some things that they felt were missing from the evidence.
I think the other thing is safety, not just mobility, is the issue around if she's living. I mean, she wasn't living her own because I was a full time carer, but if I if I went off sick or my sister went off sick because she did, in the end, because she had, she was diagnosed with lung cancer, that how does somebody in their late 80s operate a gas oven or hot water for me and, and the whole issues around safety burns and scalding and and also, she thought it was very cold at night, so she wanted the electric fires on all night.
So if I switched it off she might well want to switch it on. You know. So all the question about if you got somebody. So I'm not obviously I'm not going to be my mother's in her bed but I'm in a separate room. I don't know what she's up to, and I don't know whether it's safe to leave her with the fire on or, with electric sockets and things at night.
So I think that that was left out. I mean, it wasn't cold. The house isn't cold, but somebody with dementia. And my mother, she constantly even in the summer, she felt cold. I just think those things are not anticipated unless you do a full assessment and a full risk assessment. And you talk to the carer, you wouldn't find that out.
So the obvious things like carpets are loose. My mother was wearing slippers that weren’t properly fitted and furniture is a hazard as well. I mean, I know that children, I've got grandchildren and all the edges of furniture have got things on it to prevent you from striking corners of, of, furniture. And I think that sort of thing is the sort of thing that is cheap to find, cheap, too cheap to buy, and very helpful. Absolutely. Bobby, do you have any more thoughts?
Yes, I think also, the point that I made before about, there might be conflicting, adaptation needs in one household. For instance. My dad lives with us, and, my husband's disabled, and, a long time ago, somebody suggested that, my husband could have a stairlift, and that would make his life easier.
But in order to do that, we would need to take down the second stair rail that we've got. So we've got the stair rail on either side. And that would mean, my dad would have to use the, the Stairlift as well. So, but a, a different size is short and small. My husband's quite tall and big so.
The size of the stair lift would obviously have to be for my husband, and that would take up half the stairs as well, because he's got long legs. And, so that would mean I'd find it difficult negotiating past the stair lift. So we haven't bothered. My husband goes down the stairs backwards, and my dad's, has.
Well, when he came out of hospital last, he was taught to go up one step at a time rather than trying to race up stairs and get out of breath. So, we're trying to do it without the adaptations, but there's a conflict, and, but there's no easy resolution to that kind of need also bathing as well.
My, my dad's well, my dad doesn't like washing anyway, so he was this like a constant battle with water. But really he would need a wet room and, well, actually, my husband would too, but we still need a bath for other reasons. Other people who visit the household would need a bath. And, so it's all complicated, and it's always a compromise to get, something that suits everybody, or doesn't suit anybody in our case.
Yeah. Can I ask you about did you have any assessment done? Did you have. Occupational Therapist come to has to do an assessment. I did we did for the stair lifts. She she said she said yeah, you really should have a stair lift. But yeah. But who would have paid for that?
Us. We would be totally self funding. Exactly. Yes. Because you have a certain level of income is. Yes. Yeah. It strikes me that I'm not quite sure what the role of the Occupational Therapist person is because you presumably, did you contact them and say or did they contact you? I'm just wondering who initiated that. I initiated it, we had to make that a couple of months before they came out and said that, yes, you could do with a stair lift and, then, put us in.
Well, no, actually I, I knew that's not aa stair lift company and they came out and gave us a quote. And then we thought, yeah, it's just not it's a lot of money to spend for. Yeah, but it doesn't suit anybody. So it's something not right now. So yeah it's all self self-funding on that.
Yeah I think the other thing if you may is, is actually, given the limitation to home adaptations A) the cost B) is it proper, a proper risk assessment done versus supported housing. Because one of the things that was suggested, my mother is actually to go into supportive housing, now if that was available, you would need to do all these expensive adaptations, particularly given the fact that some of the adaptation doesn't suit other members of the family, it would cause problems.
So I think that should be considered. Summarise the key things for me, and maybe Bobby can say yeah I agree I or say something different. I think one is that we both have is that we've had parents who've got been going into hospital and in my case, in hospital for at least six weeks. Note that could have been an opportunity to anticipate what needs she had going back at home.
And that doesn't seem to be what I know. So who's, how did you get referred to Occupational Therapy and what is the system and how can you, you get much more awareness and appreciation of what that adaptation services. Yeah, I do agree with that. I'd also say that that needs to be done quickly.
So how can we speed it up as well as yeah, yeah. Because as the research says, it's much better to get it done. If you have a referral and you have to wait 8 to 12 weeks, then I know they triaged them, but yeah, yeah. Life changing. So you need it done quickly.
Reflective questions
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How can practitioners support people whilst they wait for adaptations to mitigate poor outcomes?
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Do you have any examples of good practice or solutions that have helped you to support people who are waiting for home adaptations?
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How does the research resonate with your experience in practice? Does anything surprise you and why?